![]() 5), and concrete foundations are constructed with tolerances conforming to the requirements of Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials, ACI 117 (ref. Concrete footing design is governed by Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI 318 (ref. Although the top surface of poured concrete footings should be relatively level, it should generally not be troweled smooth, as a slightly roughened surface enhances the bond between the mortar and concrete. Unless otherwise required, footings should be carefully aligned so that the concrete masonry wall will be near the center line of the footing. Similarly, tree roots, construction debris and ice should be removed prior to placing footings. In this case, the soil should be removed and replaced with compacted soil, gravel or concrete. Footings are typically cast-in-place concrete, placed beneath the frost depth to prevent damage resulting from heaving caused by freezing of water in the soil.įootings should be placed on undisturbed native soil, unless this soil is unsuitable, weak or soft. Footingsįootings lie under the basement, crawlspace or stem wall and transfer structural loads from the building to the supporting soil. The reader is referred to TEK 3-11, Concrete Masonry Basement Wall Construction, TEK 19-3B, Preventing Water Penetration in Below-Grade Concrete Masonry Walls and NCMA’s Basement Manual for more detailed design and construction information (refs. This TEK contains details for various types of concrete masonry foundation walls, with accompanying text as appropriate. Concrete masonry can be used to provide a strong, durable, energy efficient and insect resistant foundation for all building types. The modular nature of concrete masonry allows floor plan and wall height changes to be easily accommodated as well. Concrete masonry is well suited for below grade applications, because of its strength, durability, economy, and resistance to fire, insects and noise. Concrete masonry is used to construct various foundation wall types, including full basement walls, crawlspace walls, stem walls and piers.
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